Testing is a crucial process for evaluating whether a software system meets the needs of users and functions effectively in its designated environment. Sometimes, mistakes by programmers and testers or untested code can cause problems after the software is released. This can be costly to fix. The main goal of this research is to use regression testing to make sure any changes based on customer requests are reliable. We also want to prioritize important test cases to save time but still evaluate the software effectively. Additionally, the goal of this comparison is to modify, minimize and prioritize test cases in [...]

COVID-19 has affected the life of every individual and has changed the mode of working. According to the studies, the COVID-19 brought the toughest time for everyone around the world. It disturbed the regular lives of people, bringing in supply shortages in stores and hospitals, disturbing the business markets and lead to downsizing in companies. However, the COVID-19 has also resulted in the emergence of several startups. This paper analyzes the trends of startups during COVID-19 period. The paper first hypothesized that there is a growing interest towards startup during and post COVID-19 era. Then, a questionnaire was constructed to [...]

Sentiment analysis in Roman Urdu is increasingly crucial for enhancing consumer decision-making in diverse product domains. This paper addresses the challenge of extracting sentiment from product reviews written in Roman Urdu, leveraging Context-Free Grammar (CFG) to classify reviews into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments. Our study utilizes a dataset of online product reviews sourced from e-commerce platforms, focusing on the automation of sentiment classification. We propose a comprehensive methodology for sentiment extremity classification, demonstrating promising results through sentence-level analysis. This research contributes to advancing sentiment analysis in NLP, particularly in under-resourced languages like Roman Urdu, highlighting both methodological innovations and [...]

During the past few years, cybersecurity has gained a lot of prominence. In this paper, phishing attacks are discussed in detail. In a phishing attack, an attacker disguises itself as a genuine user and deceives the end-user to gains its personal information such as credit card, usernames/ passwords etc. There are a number of ways to perform phishing attacks such as via email, spear phishing, clone phishing, whaling etc. This paper talks about phishing attacks in detail along with its techniques, counter-measures and recent trends directions for research. Phishing is a significant threat to every individual, organization, and in general [...]

The challenge of predicting rainfall is undoubtedly a difficult one because there are an extensive number of different factors and elements that influence the conditions of the climate. It is of extreme significance to have accurate rainfall forecasts, particularly for the agricultural sector, which is highly reliant on timely and sufficient rainfall for the growth and yield of crops. The contribution that agriculture makes to the economy is another factor that highlights the need of accurate rainfall forecasts. There are many different ways that have been utilized all around the world in order to forecast the patterns of rainfall. These [...]

This paper investigates how fake news in Urdu language can be identified on social media content. There has been increasing usage of social media and the new is ubiquitous and spread daily over the social media. It is very difficult to identify original news from a fake news. As we all know, billions of users are using social media from all over the world and they spread all types of news. It is very difficult to identify if a news is fake or real and this poses serious concerns as the ultimate objective of the original poster may be malicious. [...]

Sentiment analysis has been a topic of intense research. This study performed sentiment analysis to explore user perception and attitude towards ChatGPT using sentiment analysis. In this study, sentiment analysis techniques are applied to two datasets. These datasets include i.e. tweets and Reddit posts. It contains references to ChatGPT within the context of education. The study aims to reveal the user’s sentiment, opinions, and comments expressed on these social media platforms regarding the use of ChatGPT in educational environments. The study adopts the following methodology. A diverse quantity of textual data is collected in real time from Twitter and [...]

Large Language model (LLMs) has been used extensively in the past few years for natural language processing (NLP). But they have a major flaw: they often produce hallucinated results. Hallucination refers to a large language model creating coherent but unreal/ non-factual text. In other words, the model can generate consistent but wrong responses. They often lack a clear source for the information. This research examines the critical issue of hallucinations in LLMs. It focuses on ChatGPT and Gemini. To explore this, we created a dataset of Roman Urdu questions and their human-generated answers. We prompted ChatGPT and Gemini to answer [...]

The usage of social networks is rising in the past few years. Most of the frequently used information is widely shared via social media networks including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc. Via these platforms, people can show their feelings, expressions, emotions, and opinions. These platforms provide meaningful content about users and their personality traits. Such information can be exploited to analyze the personality of the end-users. In this research, we explored a novel technique for personality modelling using Big 5 traits. We propose a comprehensive framework and machine learning pipeline that can be adopted for personality prediction. In order to solve [...]

This qualitative study investigates the relationship between cyberbullying and social withdrawal in 12–20 years teenage population. The study reviews survey data collected from students at different frequencies from own educational institutions to analyze the extent of cyberbullying, its emotional effects and leading to the behavioral changes. The results show a notable correlation between cyberbullying and social withdrawal; a large number of the surveyed teenagers reported experiencing anxiety, trust issues, and indivisibility: the preference to chat with each other online instead of meeting in person. The findings highlight the importance of systemic change and networking support in facing this growing issue. [...]