In their role as a leader and in the process of achieving their goals, charismatic leaders incorporate various strategies to utilize certain capabilities of their followers. One form of such strategies is to manage followers cognitive dissonance. To manage others dissonance could be interpreted as acting to either reduce or induce it. In this paper, we propose that charismatic leaders may seek to, through various mechanisms, facilitate either cognitive discrepancy reduction or induction in followers. Drawing on the self-standards and the action-based models of cognitive dissonance theory, we explain how charismatic leaders are empowered to do so by the interaction [...]

The purpose of this research is to investigate the reflection of human resource (HR) practices on organizational performance by utilizing the Islamic principle as a moderating variable. The sample of the research roams around the Islamic banks of Karachi, Pakistan. The convenience sampling technique has been used to gather the responses of 242 employees working in Islamic banks. Whereas, structural equation modeling was used to study the data. The overall result of the study concluded that few human resource practices are correlated with organizational performance while sharing the positive relation such as performance appraisal system, employee involvement, and selection & [...]

Drug discovery ventures find candidate substances likely to develop into new drugs by selecting and concentrating management resources that specialize in basic and exploratory research and license them to pharmaceutical companies. They conduct R&D activities on the premise of open innovation; however, the number of their licensing cases is small. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to find variables that affect the performance of open innovation. Questionnaires were mailed to 349 drug discovery venture companies in Japan (41 addresses unknown), and valid responses were collected from 42 companies (response rate: 13.6%). Using a SEM analysis, we [...]

The purpose of current study is to identify the influence of liking of advertisement, message credibility and corporate culture fit on job satisfaction and organizational pride with evolution of organizational perceived CSR engagement as a mediator between them in the manufacturing sector Pakistan. Total of 298 responses were picked for the final analysis. SPSS and AMOS are used to get the results regarding Structural Equation Modeling as well as Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results demonstrated that liking of advertisement has a significant relationship with job satisfaction and organizational pride. Message credibility also influences job satisfaction, but it depicts insignificant relation with [...]

The concept of employee involvement in sustainability activities (IVL) has gained attention in recent literature. Most of the prior studies on IVL have explored its outcomes; however, this research stream has paid little attention to exploring its antecedents. Moreover, the IVL phenomenon is unexplored in the context of universities. The present study addresses the gap by identifying and empirically testing the antecedents of IVL in university settings. Therefore, the study's main aim is to analyze the direct and indirect effect of ethical climate on IVL through workplace spirituality. Following the cross-sectional design, the data was collected from 294 faculty members [...]

The study is cross-cultural and finds out the career concepts such as protean career and career success as practiced in the developed economies. A protean career mindset calls for professionals in the advanced economies looking to switch tasks, departments, and acquire new skills, so as to remain employable. Furthermore, the traditional paternalistic model of career movement by working for one employer during a lifetime is gradually losing its form. However, more developing counties need to be studied so as to figure out the protean career orientation as leading to their career success. The research was conducted with academics working in [...]

This research seeks to draw attention to risk tolerance and customer equity on behavioral loyalty among securities investors. The main purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of risk tolerance as a regulatory variable on the relationship between customer equity and behavioral loyalty of investors in the Stocks Exchange of Thailand (SET). The sample group is 1,208 investors at high and low levels of risk tolerance in all four regions: the north, south, east and northeast parts of Thailand. The study was conducted in two main stages. First, the model of structural equation of the relationship [...]

The purpose of this study is to determine how service firms use social media in their marketing strategy. Specifically, three parts of marketing strategy are analysed: the communication mix used by service firms; the management of customer relationships and new service development (NSD). Results from 18 businesses in 3 service industries (fitness, tourism and education) show that only about half of the businesses employ a qualified manager for social media. However, all sample companies measure social media effectiveness. Although all participant businesses promote their offers in various social media and cultivate intimate relationships with customers, using social media for developing [...]

Based on social cognitive theory and life cycle hypothesis, this paper investigates the impact of financial literacy on saving behavior with mediating role of self-efficacy. Data was collected from 342 respondents by using self-administered questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses while Preacher and Hayes (2004) method was used to estimate the mediation effect. Results of this study indicate that financial literacy positively associated with saving behavior suggesting high financial literacy leads to enhance positive saving behavior. It is also observed that financial literacy positively impacts self-efficacy and increases individual's confidence in taking financial decisions. In line [...]

This study aims to revisit the influence of communication sources on consumer mindset and on resulting consumer behavior. More specifically, the study addresses the impact of social media and traditional media on brand image and awareness and their impact on brand attitude. The study further determines the impact of brand attitude on purchase intention. By using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, the data was collected from the consumers of Karachi, Pakistan and on 302 useful responses, the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed to test the hypotheses. Results revealed that brand image only affects brand attitude and brand attitude [...]

Start-ups although small, are great contributors in any economy. Marketing being essential function for their survival, this study aims to examine the use of digital marketing by start-up companies in India using two models TPB and TAM. The Proposed conceptual theoretical model is being tested empirically using a data comprised of 282 founders/owners of start-up companies, collected through structured questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is carried out for model fitness and structural equation modeling for path regression analysis. The results of the study suggest that perceived usefulness of digital marketing, attitude towards digital marketing, and perceived behavioral control of the [...]